Otorhinolaryngology is the specialty concerned with the diagnosis, care and treatment of of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat and related structures of the head and neck. It treats disorders like sleep apnea and allergies such as allergic rhinitis and asthma that may be congenital or acquired. Surgery may be required in cases to remove both benign and malignant tumours or to treat congenital deformities. Includes treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hoarseness or difficulty in swallowing, vertigo and balance disorders as well as sinusitis and migraine.