Thoracic Surgery or Chest Surgery involves the organs of the chest, extends to the oesophagus, the trachea(airway) and the chest wall (rib cage & breastbone). Thoracic Surgery may include coronary artery bypass surgery, heart transplant, lung transplant and removal of parts of lung affected by cancer. A thoracic surgeon often works with a heart surgeon for cardio thoracic surgery to operate on the heart, lungs, and other pleural or mediastinal structures.